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Stanley
Stanley is the reference point for American hand-tool collecting. The 1869 purchase of Leonard Bailey's plane patents gave Stanley Rule & Level the adjustable iron bench plane that defined the category for a century, and the company's habit of quietly revising castings, logos and hardware left behind a fine-grained record that collectors read as a dating system.
- founded 1843
- USA
- 58 model pages
Because Stanley changed small details constantly and documented almost none of them, a Stanley plane can usually be dated to a window of a few years from the tool alone. No other American toolmaker is anywhere near as well mapped.
Stanley type study - 20 dateable eras from 1867–1967, with a dating marks table.
Company names over time
The name on a tool is itself a dating clue, because it changed when the company did.
| Name | Used |
|---|---|
| Stanley Rule & Level Co. | 1857–1920 |
| The Stanley Works (Stanley Tools division) | 1920–2010 |
| Stanley Black & Decker | 2010–present |
Timeline
- 1843Frederick T. Stanley founds Stanley's Bolt Manufactory in New Britain, Connecticut.
- 1857Stanley Rule & Level Co. formed by merger with A. Stanley & Co. and Hall & Knapp.
- 1869Stanley Rule & Level buys the Bailey plane patents and the Bailey plane works from Boston. The Bailey bench plane line begins its Stanley production run.
- 1898Bedrock line introduced as the premium bench plane range, with a solid frog seat instead of the Bailey's machined pads.
- 1902'BAILEY' first cast into the toe of bench planes - a useful hard divider in the type study.
- 1907Frog adjusting screw added behind the frog, letting the mouth be adjusted without unseating the frog.
- 1920Stanley Rule & Level merges into The Stanley Works. The 'Sweetheart' SW trademark, honouring William Hart, comes into use around this time.
- 1935Sweetheart (SW) logo dropped from irons.
- 1942War production: rosewood knobs and totes give way to stained hardwood, and hardware is simplified.
- 1943Bedrock line discontinued.
- 1962Kidney-shaped hole appears in the lever cap; japanning gives way to paint. Widely treated as the end of the collectable era.
Collecting notes
- Type 11 (1910-1918) bench planes are the usual recommendation for a user-grade plane: pre-war quality, low knob, three patent dates behind the frog, and still common enough to be affordable.
- Anything before Type 5 (1885) is collector territory - no lateral adjustment lever, and prices reflect scarcity rather than usability.
- Corrugated soles ('C' suffix) carry a small premium on some sizes and none on others. They do not make a plane work better on any timber most people cut.
- A replaced iron, knob or tote does not ruin a user plane but roughly halves collector value. Check that the iron logo is consistent with the body's type.
Bench Planes
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Stanley No. 1 Smoothing Plane
The smallest bench plane Stanley made, and the one every collector wants.
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Stanley No. 2 Smoothing Plane
The smallest Bailey with a tote.
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Stanley No. 3 Smoothing Plane
A smoother one size down from the No. 4, and the size most people find comfortable once they have used both.
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Stanley No. 4 Smoothing Plane
The most-produced bench plane in history and the default smoother in every workshop that has one.
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Stanley No. 4-1/2 Smoothing Plane
A wide, heavy smoother.
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Stanley No. 5 Jack Plane
The jack plane - the jack of all trades, and the plane most likely to be in a box at an estate sale.
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Stanley No. 5-1/4 Junior Jack Plane
A narrow, short jack sold heavily into school manual-training programmes.
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Stanley No. 5-1/2 Jack Plane
A wide, heavy jack.
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Stanley No. 6 Fore Plane
The fore plane sits between the jack and the jointer.
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Stanley No. 7 Jointer Plane
The standard jointer, and the plane that makes hand-cut edge joints possible.
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Stanley No. 8 Jointer Plane
The largest Bailey bench plane: two feet of sole and the widest iron in the range.
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Stanley No. 40 Scrub Plane
A dedicated roughing plane: narrow, thick, heavily cambered iron and a wide open mouth, made to take deep bites across the grain and reduce a board fast.
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Stanley No. 602 Bedrock Smoothing Plane
The smallest Bedrock, and after the No. 1 the most sought-after Stanley bench plane.
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Stanley No. 603 Bedrock Smoothing Plane
The Bedrock equivalent of the Bailey No. 3: an eight-inch smoother with the full-contact frog seat and the heavier castings of the premium line.
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Stanley No. 604 Bedrock Smoothing Plane
The Bedrock No. 4.
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Stanley No. 604-1/2 Bedrock Smoothing Plane
A wide, heavy Bedrock smoother - the 4-1/2 pattern in the premium line, and the plane to reach for on figured hardwood if money is no object.
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Stanley No. 605 Bedrock Jack Plane
The Bedrock jack, and the most-produced plane in the line after the 604.
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Stanley No. 605-1/4 Bedrock Junior Jack Plane
A narrow junior jack in the Bedrock line, introduced late and discontinued with everything else in 1943.
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Stanley No. 605-1/2 Bedrock Jack Plane
The wide Bedrock jack: fifteen inches of sole, a wide iron and the full-contact frog seat.
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Stanley No. 606 Bedrock Fore Plane
The Bedrock fore plane.
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Stanley No. 607 Bedrock Jointer Plane
The Bedrock jointer: 22 inches of heavy casting with the full-contact frog.
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Stanley No. 608 Bedrock Jointer Plane
The biggest Bedrock: two feet of sole, the widest iron, and the heaviest bench plane Stanley catalogued.
Block Planes
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Stanley No. 9 Cabinetmaker's Block Plane
A big, heavy block plane made for shooting mitres and trimming end grain on cabinet work.
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Stanley No. 9-1/2 Block Plane
The standard-angle block plane, and the pattern every other manufacturer copied.
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Stanley No. 15 Block Plane
A No. 9-1/2 stretched by an inch.
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Stanley No. 18 Knuckle-Joint Block Plane
A 9-1/2 with the knuckle-joint lever cap: a hinged nickel-plated cap that folds flat into the palm.
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Stanley No. 19 Knuckle-Joint Block Plane
The seven-inch knuckle-cap block plane: a No. 15 with the folding cap, or a No. 18 with an extra inch, depending which way you come at it.
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Stanley No. 60-1/2 Low Angle Block Plane
The low-angle block plane, and probably the single most useful vintage Stanley you can buy for under fifty dollars.
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Stanley No. 62 Low Angle Jack Plane
A jack-sized plane built like a block plane: bevel-up iron on a twelve-degree bed, adjustable mouth, no frog.
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Stanley No. 65 Low Angle Block Plane
The 'Chariot' - a seven-inch low-angle block plane with the knuckle cap.
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Stanley No. 100 Squirrel-Tail Block Plane
A tiny palm plane with a curled tail behind the iron, catalogued for model makers and patternmakers.
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Stanley No. 101 Block Plane
The cheapest plane Stanley sold: three and a half inches, one moving part, no adjuster.
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Stanley No. 102 Block Plane
A plain 5-1/2 inch block plane with no depth adjuster and no adjustable mouth.
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Stanley No. 103 Block Plane
A No. 102 with a depth adjuster added behind the iron.
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Stanley No. 110 Block Plane
The workhorse budget block plane: seven and a half inches, a lever cap, and no mouth adjustment.
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Stanley No. 140 Skew Block Plane
A block plane with a skewed iron and a side plate that unbolts, turning it into a rabbet plane that can work right into a corner.
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Stanley No. 220 Block Plane
A seven-inch standard-angle block plane with a depth adjuster but a fixed mouth: the middle of Stanley's range, and after the 110 the block plane you are most likely to meet.
Specialty Planes
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Stanley No. 71 Router Plane
The 'old woman's tooth' in iron: a cutter on a vertical post between two handles, used to cut a dado, hinge mortise or inlay recess to an exact and repeatable depth.
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Stanley No. 71-1/2 Router Plane
The closed-throat router plane.
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Stanley No. 95 Edge Trimming Block Plane
A block plane with a fixed right-angle side that acts as its own fence, and a skewed iron.
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Stanley No. 113 Circular Plane
A plane with a springy steel sole that bends to a convex or concave curve, set by a knob on top.
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Stanley No. 271 Small Router Plane
A miniature router plane for inlay and small hinge work, no bigger than a matchbox.
Plow & Combination Planes
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Stanley No. 45 Combination Plane
Stanley's workhorse combination plane: a skeletal body, two fence rods, a sliding section and a box of cutters that between them replace a rack of wooden plow and beading planes.
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Stanley No. 50 Light Combination Plane
The cut-down combination plane: lighter, simpler and cheaper than the 45, with no sliding section.
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Stanley No. 55 Universal Combination Plane
Marketed as 'a planing mill within itself'.
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Stanley No. 148 Tongue & Groove Plane
A match plane: cut the groove with one end, flip it end for end and cut the matching tongue with the other.
Rabbet & Shoulder Planes
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Stanley No. 78 Duplex Rabbet & Fillister Plane
The default rabbet plane.
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Stanley No. 79 Side Rabbet Plane
A double-ended side rabbet: two skewed irons facing opposite ways so you can widen a groove or a dado from either direction without changing tools or reversing the grain.
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Stanley No. 90 Bullnose Rabbet Plane
A short, heavy bullnose rabbet plane whose nose piece unscrews, letting it work right up to the end of a stopped rabbet or, with the nose off, flush into a corner.
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Stanley No. 92 Shoulder Rabbet Plane
The narrow member of Stanley's shoulder plane trio.
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Stanley No. 93 Shoulder Rabbet Plane
The middle shoulder plane: a one-inch iron in a six-inch body.
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Stanley No. 94 Shoulder Rabbet Plane
The widest of the three shoulder planes and the scarcest. A wide sole trims a wide shoulder in one pass, which is the whole argument for it.
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Stanley No. 98 Side Rabbet Plane (Right Hand)
A small single-handed side rabbet for widening grooves and dados.
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Stanley No. 99 Side Rabbet Plane (Left Hand)
The left-hand mate to the No. 98.
Scrapers & Spokeshaves
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Stanley No. 12 Veneer Scraper
A scraper on the same principle as the 112 but in a shorter body, originally sold for cleaning up veneered surfaces without dishing them.
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Stanley No. 80 Cabinet Scraper
A scraper blade held in a two-handled cast iron body, with a thumbscrew that bows the blade to control the cut.
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Stanley No. 112 Scraper Plane
A full-size scraper in a bench plane body: knob, tote, wide sole and a thick scraper blade whose pitch you can set.
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Stanley No. 151 Adjustable Spokeshave
The standard adjustable spokeshave: a flat sole, a short iron and two knurled screws that set the depth at each end independently.
Sources
- reference-site
Patrick Leach's Blood & Gore (Stanley plane model-by-model commentary) — Patrick Leach - reference-site
Stanley Bench Plane Type Study (Types 1-20) — Patrick Leach - book
Stanley Tools: Guide to Identity and Value — John Walter - book
Patented Transitional & Metallic Planes in America, Vols. I & II — Roger K. Smith